Social Studies Megan Baldwin s The Epic Of Gilgamesh

Social Studies Megan Baldwin B3 11-16-15 Mesopotamia By Megan Baldwin M is for Medicine M is for Medicine. Medicine is how they would cure the ill. The Sumerians used ingredients from plants, animals, and minerals. They also used a wide variety of ingredients, including milk, salt, turtle shell, fig and salt. The physicians or scholars would prescribe the medicines you need by looking at your symptoms, or what part of the body it was used in. There are more than 420 lists on clay tablets found just for medicine. E is for the Epic of Gilgamesh E is for the Epic of Gilgamesh. An epic is a long poem that tells the story of a hero. The Epic of Gilgamesh is the world s oldest epic. It was first recorded in 2000 B.C. on clay tablets. This epic is about Gilgamesh and his friend Enkidu. It teaches a valuable lesson to appreciate what you have. S is for Surplus S is for surplus. A surplus is having more than you need. After the Sumerians invented the irrigation system, they had more food than they needed. This caused them to have a food surplus. When they had food surpluses, it meant that they didn’t all have to farm. This is when they started getting other jobs, like making pots out of clay. O is for Oldest Society O is for Oldest Society. Mesopotamia is the oldest society. Society means a group of people living together in a

Parole Free Essays

Parole Kristofer Allison November 14, 2011 CRJ 210 Probation and Parole Parole by definition is the â€Å"conditional early release from prison or jail, under supervision, after a portion of the sentence has been served. † This practice assumes that the offender successfully demonstrated conformity to the rules and regulations of the prison environment and shows an ability to conform to society’s norms and laws. The word, parole, derives from the French â€Å"parol† meaning â€Å"word of honor† and references prisoners of war promising not to take up arms in current conflict if released. We will write a custom essay sample on Parole or any similar topic only for you Order Now How that concept came to apply to the early release of convicted, often violent, offenders is less clear. The first documented official use of early release from prison in the United States is credited to Samuel G. Howe in Boston (1847), but prior to that, other programs using pardons achieved basically the same outcome. In fact, as late as 1938, parole was simply a conditional PARDON in many states. In China, prisoners are often granted medical parole or compassionate release, which releases them on the grounds that they must receive medical treatment which cannot be provided for in prison. Occasionally, medical parole is used as a no-publicity way of releasing an accidentally imprisoned convict. The Chinese legal code has no explicit provision for exile, but often a dissident is released on the grounds that they need to be treated for a medical condition in another country, and with the understanding that they will be reincarcerated if they return to China. Parole in Italy is called Liberta condizionata. It is covered by Article 176 of the Italian Penal Code. A prisoner is eligible if he has served at least 30 months (or 26 years for life sentences), and the time remaining on his sentence is less than half the total (normally), a quarter of the total (if previously convicted or never convicted) or five years (for sentences greater than 7. 5 years). In 2006, 21 inmates were granted liberta condizionata. So parole is very hard to get in that country. In New Zealand, inmates serving a short term sentence (of up to 2 years) are automatically released after serving half their sentence, and there is no parole hearing. Inmates serving sentences of more than 2 years are normally seen before the parole board after serving one-third of the sentence, although the judge at sentencing can make an order for a minimum non-parole period of up to two-thirds of the sentence. Inmates serving life sentences usually serve a minimum of 10 years, or longer depending on the minimum non-parole period, before being eligible for parole. It should be noted, however, that parole is not an automatic right, and for the year ending 30 June 2010 more than 70% of parole hearings were declined. Many sentences include a a specific non-parole period. In the United States, courts may specify in a sentence how much time must be served before a prisoner is eligible for parole. This is often done by specifying an indeterminate sentence of, say, â€Å"15 to 25 years†. The latter type is known as an indeterminate life sentence; in contrast, a sentence of â€Å"life without the possibility of parole† is known as a determinate life sentence. In most states, the decision of whether an inmate is paroled is vested in a paroling authority such as a parole board. Mere good conduct while incarcerated in and of itself does not necessarily guarantee that an inmate will be paroled. Other factors may enter into the decision to grant or deny parole, most commonly the establishment of a permanent residence and immediate, gainful employment or some other clearly visible means of self-support upon release (such as Social Security if the prisoner is old enough to qualify). Many states now permit sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole (such as for murder), and any prisoner not sentenced to either this or the death penalty will eventually have the right to petition for release The Parole Board for England and Wales was established in 1968 under the Criminal Justice Act of 1967. It became an independent executive non-departmental public body (NDPB) on 1 July 1996 under the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994. The Parole Board’s role is to make risk assessments about prisoners to decide who may safely be released into the community on parole The Parole Board must act in accordance with the type of sentence levied. Just like the United States, England uses indeterminate sentences. These include life sentence prisoners (mandatory life, discretionary life and automatic life sentence prisoners), Her Majesty’s Pleasure detainees, and prisoners given indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPP). The Parole Board also considers whether prisoners are safe to release into the community once they have completed their tariff (the minimum time they must spend in prison) and also whether the Secretary of State is justified in recalling them to prison for a breach of their life license conditions (the rules which they must observe upon release). They also use determinate sentences. These include discretionary conditional release (DCR) prisoners serving more than 4 years whose offence was committed before 4 April 2005 and prisoners given extended sentences for public protection (EPP) for offences committed on or after 4 April 2005. The Parole Board considers whether these prisoners are safe to release into the community once they have completed the minimum time they must spend in prison and also whether the Secretary of State is justified in recalling them to prison for a breach of their parole license conditions (the rules which they must observe upon release). This was just a sample of parole systems throughout the world. We can see that each country has some sort of parole system in their justice system. It seems that the countries of England and the United States parole systems mirror themselves. They also seem to have the fairest justice systems. Work Cited Probation, Parole, and Community Corrections, 3rd Edition. 3rd ed. , Dean J. Champion, Dean J. , Prentice Hall, 1999. http://www. paroleboard. govt. nz/about-us/cases-and-eligibility. html â€Å"China Grants Convicted Scholars Medical Parole†. The Chronicle of Higher Education. http://chronicle. com/weekly/v47/i47/47a04501. htm. Retrieved 2008-01-13 Bilton, A. C. and Bottomley, A K. 1971. ‘About parole’. Prison Service Journal, No. 1 (N. S. ), 6-7 How to cite Parole, Essay examples

Survival in Auschwitz Essay Example For Students

Survival in Auschwitz Essay Survival in AuschwitzIn the History of the world there havebeen few incidences of atrocities that equal the treatment of the Jewsin Europe during World War II. It is difficult to accept thelevels of systematic cruelty and terror experienced during this period. In the book Survival in Auschwitz, Primo Levi paints a picture with disturbingdetail that is meant to serve as a reminder of the unimaginable horrorsmillions of men, women and children were forcefully subjected to as a resultof hate. As a Jew, Levi knew he was in danger whileliving in fascist Northern Italy. By 1943, the Nazis had moved southand set up holding camps around Italy to detain political prisoners andthose of the Jewish nationality until they could be transported to establishedconcentration camps such as Auschwitz and Dachau. This book depicts whathappened to Levi after his arrest in 1944. Along with 650 others,he was loaded into a freight train for a four day journey without foodor water and without the liberty to leave the train at anytime. Upontheir arrival at the camp of Auschwitz, Poland, the first of a precessionof selections took place. The German SS Soldiers separated thosethey deemed capable of work from those they deemed incapable, such as women,children and elderly. Only 135 of the 650 from Levis train were admittedinto Auschwitz, the other 515 went immediately to the gas chambers. Thesemethods of selection were to a degree, a logical means as compared to otherrandom selections. Later, a sim pler method was adopted that involved merelyopening both doors on the train. Without warning or instructionto the new arrivals, those who by chance climbed down on one side of theconvoy entered the camp; the others went to the gas chamber.(20)He was herded with the others into thecamp and after being striped naked and having his head shaved, he was givenan old striped uniform and the identification numbers 174517 tattooed onhis arm. Levi recalled with remarkable accuracy the humiliation and confusionfelt as he was forced to assimilate into his new surroundings. Thefood rations were too insufficient to stave off the hunger. Thousandsof others around him were suffering and unavoidably dying as a result ofthis insufficient food supply. Although he was new to the camp, hisexperiences with others and his own observations told him that the Germansmilitant nature was at its worst. In order to outlive the war andsurvive, he found ways to maintain the illusion of usefulness with theleast pos sible exertion. Any protest or disobedience from prisoners endedswiftly with beatings and death. We will write a custom essay on Survival in Auschwitz specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now An iron sign above the front gates proclaimedthe camp slogan Arbeit Macht Frei. This translated to; work givesyou freedom. Prisoners of Auschwitz were forced to work seven days aweek with two Sundays off a month which were filled with tedious, exhaustingtasks and were often the only opportunity available was to attend to personalhygiene needs. The bulk of their time was spent working 16-hour days infactories and around the camp, making supplies for the war and other itemsfor the Germans. With little food and inadequate clothing, it was easyto fall ill or die from exhaustion while working in the snow and rain. Levi was lucky enough to be sent to (and return from) the Ka-be or theinfirmary to recover from an injury to his Achilles tendon. The Ka-bewas overcrowded, and was populated by individuals with deadly, communicablediseases such as typhus and dysentery. There were no medicines availableto relieve the symptoms and the pain and suffering was widespread. Despitethis he was able to rest and build up some strength before returning backto work. Much of the work assigned to them was needless. Itwas given for the purpose of wearing down the prisoner and making him weaker. .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec , .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .postImageUrl , .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec , .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:hover , .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:visited , .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:active { border:0!important; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:active , .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5551fb6d9cc0ef798e5133e6181f5ec:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Broken Ears, Wounded Hearts Book Report EssayA weak prisoner was less likely to protest or attempt to escape. Levi described how many of the prisoners,after long hours of manual labor, would gather in a corner of the campfor a market. They would trade rations and stolen goods. Suchgoods as a spoon or buttons were as valuable as gold. The market followedall the classical economic laws. This seemed to show the ability of peopleto live and think and work in the most adverse of conditions. Insidethe barbed wire, the prisoners had created their own social and economicalworld in order to endure. Primo Levi seems to write as a means inwhich he could express the physical trauma that he experienced as a survivorof Auschwitz and its emotional consequences. He recalls for thereader the challenges that he faced on a daily and hourly basis to meetthe basic needs necessary to remain alive. Levi depicts his timeas a prisoner with a straight forward and narrative approach and with analmost unemotional tone that often disguises the horror of what he is describing. It would be easy to bluntly horrify the reader with a book about life ina death camp, but this is not his intention, instead he produces a realisticaccount of events with an insight into his own feelings and emotions. Althoughmost were only mentioned briefly, other prisoners are introduced to showempathy to the many nationalities that were persecuted. He tellsthe story of the oppressed and nameless rather then that of the adversary. He does not concern himself with trying to justify the motives behind theNazis actions. They behaved with the calm assurance of people doing theirnormal duty of everyday.(19)If not for his degree in chemistry, whichearned him a place in the Chemistry Command working indoors during thelast winter, Primo would have probably suffered the same fate as the elevenmillion people, six million of them Jews, who died during the war. It is hard to imagine the reasons why a man who had survived such incomprehensiblehorrors would commit suicide, but that is how Levi ended his life 42 yearsafter being liberated by the Russians. For every one person whomsurvived and told his story like Primo Levi, There are thousands of otherswith equally shocking and disturbing stories who were gassed and murderedat the hands of the Nazis.

Collapse Of The Second Reich Essay

Collapse Of The Second Reich Essay Collapse Of The Second Reich Essay The collapse of the autocratic Kaiserreich The Kaiserreich was autocratic in nature; this meant that the Kaiser had ultimate power over Germany. Although a Parliament (the Reichstag) was established, there was no parliamentary Government – all ministers were appointed by the Kaiser Wilhelm II. Pressure from German public: At the beginning of World War One, German citizens rallied to support their nation. In 1916, however, discontent was growing in Germany as the death rate soared and shortages intensified. A period referred to as the ‘turnip winter’ in 1916-17 saw turnips become the staple diet of citizens. The Russian Revolution was influential to the German working class, the overthrow of the tsar and his demise somewhat inspired many Germans and there were calls for a parliamentary Government. Pressure from Reichstag: The Great Depression in Germany, not only undermined the loyalty of the German public but also the politicians. There was no longer unanimous support in the Reichstag for massive expenditure. In July 1917, a dramatic parliamentary revolt occurred when a peace resolution was carried by 212 votes to 126 – this peace resolution was disregarded by the High Command. Pressure from USA: Germany increased its war efforts during the Turnip Winter of 1916-17 and announced that U-boats would attack every ship in Europe’s waters. In response to this, US president Wilson ended all diplomatic relations with Germany. President Wilson’s neutral position was no longer deemed appropriate and many in the US now saw war as a viable solution. When the German Foreign Secretary sent the ‘Zimmerman note’ to Mexico requesting that Mexico declare war on the US if the US declared war on Germany, promising the states of Texas, Arizona and New Mexico at the end of the war, the American public were outraged. Finally, on 18th March 1917, German U-boats sank three American ships and President Wilson entered World War One alongside the Allied forces. Wilson declared that the US were fighting on a moral basis only: to ‘protect democracy from tyranny and promote peace throughout the world’. 3,000,000 US men were drafted to bolster the military and Wilson was pleasantly surprised to find that many Americans supported his action. Wilson appointed General John J. Pershing as commander of US forces in Europe and left all operational decisions under his jurisdiction. When the American Government launched a propaganda campaign to persuade less enthusiastic Americans to support the war, the campaign also fuelled anti-German sentiments and a deep loathing for Germany and its people. In response, Wilson reminded the people that the US had

Use OptionParser to Parse Commands in Ruby

Use OptionParser to Parse Commands in Ruby In the article discussing OptionParsers features we discussed some of the reasons that make using OptionParser in Ruby preferable to looking through ARGV manually to parse commands by hand. Now its time to get down to learning how to use OptionParser and its features. The following boilerplate code will be used for all the examples in this tutorial. To try any of the examples, simply put the examples opts.on block next to the TODO comment. Running the program will print the state of the options has and ARGV, allowing you to examine the effects of your switches. #!/usr/bin/env rubyrequire optparserequire pp# This hash will hold all of the options# parsed from the command-line by# OptionParser.options {}optparse OptionParser.new do|opts|# TODO: Put command-line options here# This displays the help screen, all programs are# assumed to have this option.opts.on( -h, help, Display this screen ) doputs optsexitendend# Parse the command-line. Remember there are two forms# of the parse method. The parse method simply parses# ARGV, while the parse! method parses ARGV and removes# any options found there, as well as any parameters for# the options. Whats left is the list of files to resize.optparse.parse!pp Options:, optionspp ARGV:, ARGV Simple Switch A simple switch is an argument with no optional forms or no parameters. The effect will be to simply set a flag in the options hash. No other parameters will be passed to the on method. options[:simple] falseopts.on( -s, simple, Simple argument ) dooptions[:simple] trueend Switch with Mandatory Parameter Switches that take a parameter only need to state the parameter name in the long form of the switch. For example, -f, file FILE means the -f or file switch takes a single parameter called FILE, and this parameter is mandatory. You cannot use either -f or file without also passing it a parameter. options[:mand] opts.on( -m, mandatory FILE, Mandatory argument ) do|f|options[:mand] fend Switch with Optional Parameter Switch parameters dont have to be mandatory, they can be optional. To declare a switch parameter optional, place its name in brackets in the switch description. For example, logfile [FILE] means the FILE parameter is optional. If not supplied, the program will assume a sane default, such as a file called log.txt. In the example, the idiom a b || c is used. This is just shorthand for a b, but if b is false or nil, a c. options[:opt] falseopts.on( -o, optional [OPT], Optional argument ) do|f|options[:opt] f || nothingend Automatically Convert to Float OptionParser can automatically convert argument to some types. One of these types is Float. To automatically convert your arguments to a switch to Float, pass Float to the on method after your switch description strings. Automatic conversions are handy. Not only do they save you the step of converting the string to the desired type, but also check the format for you and will throw an exception if it is formatted incorrectly. options[:float] 0.0opts.on( -f, float NUM, Float, Convert to float ) do|f|options[:float] fend Some other types that OptionParser can convert to automatically include Time and Integer. Lists of Arguments Arguments can be interpreted as lists. This can be seen as converting to an array, as you converted to Float. While your option string can define the parameter to be called a,b,c, OptionParser will blindly allow any number of elements in the list. So, if you need a specific number of elements, be sure to check the array length yourself. options[:list] []opts.on( -l, list a,b,c, Array, List of parameters ) do|l|options[:list] lend Set of Arguments Sometimes it makes sense to restrict arguments to a switch to a few choices. For example, the following switch will only take a single mandatory parameter, and the parameter must be one of yes, no or maybe. If the parameter is anything else at all, an exception will be thrown. To do this, pass a list of acceptable parameters as symbols after the switch description strings. options[:set] :yesopts.on( -s, set OPT, [:yes, :no, :maybe], Parameters from a set ) do|s|options[:set] send Negated Forms Switches can have a negated form. The switch negated can have one that does the opposite effect, called no-negated. To describe this in the switch description string, place the alternative portion in brackets: [no-]negated. If the first form is encountered, true will be passed to the block, and false will be blocked if the second form is encountered. options[:neg] falseopts.on( -n, [no-]negated, Negated forms ) do|n|options[:neg] nend

Interventional Literature Review on the Prevention of Type II Diabetes Research Paper

Interventional Literature Review on the Prevention of Type II Diabetes Mellitus - Research Paper Example Vegetarian and vegan diets also improve plasma lipid concentrations and have been shown to reverse atherosclerosis progression. In clinical studies, the reported acceptability of vegetarian and vegan diets is comparable to other therapeutic regimens. The presently available... literature indicates that vegetarian and vegan diets present potential advantages for the management of type 2 diabetes. American Diabetes Association (2011).Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes - 2011. Diabetes Care, 34(S1): S11.Fasanmade, O. A., Odeniyi, I. A., and Ogbera, A. O. (2008). Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Diagnosis and Management.  African journal of medicine and medical sciences, 37 (2):105. Abstract The objective of this manuscript is to review the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of diabetic ketoacidosis, one of the most common acute complications of diabetes mellitus. We performed a medline search of the English-language literature using a combination of words (diabetic ketoacidosi s, hyperglycemic crises) to identify original studies, consensus statements and reviews on diabetic ketoacidosis published in the past 15 years. Emphasis was placed on clinical manifestations of diabetic ketoacidosis, its diagnosis and treatment.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus that can be life-threatening if not treated properly. Once thought to occur only in patients with type 1 diabetes, diabetic ketoacidosis has also been observed in patients with type 2 diabetes under certain conditions. The basic underlying mechanism for diabetic ketoacidosis is insulin deficiency coupled with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones, such as glucagon, cortisol, catecholamines, and growth hormone. Diabetic ketoacidosis can be the initial presentation of diabetes mellitus or precipitated in known patients with diabetes mellitus by many factors, most commonly infection. The management of diabetic ketoacidosis involves careful clinical evaluation, cor rection of metabolic abnormalities, identification and treatment of precipitating and co-morbid conditions, appropriate long-term treatment of diabetes, and plans to prevent recurrence. Many cases of DKA can be prevented by better access to medical care, proper education, and effective communication with a health care provider during intercurrent illness. Provision of guidelines will also reduce mortality. Resources need to be redirected towards prevention by funding better access to care and educational programs. Abstract DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS AND THE HYPERGLYCEMIC hyperosmolar state are the most serious complications of diabetic decompensation and remain associated with excess mortality. Insulin deficiency

T-Bags Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

T-Bags - Essay Example T-Bags is a specialty teahouse concept offering a broad and creative selection of tea beverages and accompaniments at convenient and accessible locations in the Metropolitan areas. The company provides its customers with a new tea experience by creating a new context for the traditional idea of "afternoon tea". T-Bags is different to other tea-based businesses in the U.K. market today. Most teahouses in the U.K. are usually family businesses (passed through generations) located in the countryside, or if they are in the city area, they are upscale and are housed in high-end hotels. Essentially, T-Bags is based on the specialty espresso bar concept (like Starbucks) which is already rampant throughout the country. Like the espresso bar concept, the specialty teahouse has a strong product focus - tea. However, unlike the other traditional teahouses, T-Bags offers an usually wide menu range in an environment where customers are encouraged to explore different tea flavorings and blends brought in from all over the world. In the short term, The Company's goal is to implement this concept, first, in a retail outfit of less than 800 square feet. The Company's medium term goal will then be to pursue an aggressive expansion strategy in London and other major Metropolitan areas in the U.K. to create a strong brand identity. In the long term, The Company's goal is to become the leading brand of specialty teahouses in the U.K. Although The Company's key selling point is its wide product offerings, The Company is aware that other teahouses in the market today are also able to follow this product strategy. However, The Company's unique selling point which encompasses wide product offerings, a unique customer experience and customer loyalty cannot be easily copied. The following five elements will differentiate T-Bags from its competitors and foster customer loyalty. High Quality Product Offerings. T-Bags has scoured the best places in the world that produces quality tea leaves and the products offered are uncompromising. To complement the tea-drinking experience, T-Bags also offers high quality accompaniments like sweets and pastries sourced from the same regions as the tea in order to provide a consistent experience. Customer Service. Since this business concept is new to the U.K., it is important that first purchases from customers are followed by repeat businesses. Therefore, it is crucial that all employees understand the concept of the business in informing customers of the